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The higher order approach to consciousness is defunct NED BLOCK The higher order approach to consciousness attempts to build a theory of consciousness from the insight that a conscious state is one that the subject is Analysis Vol 71 | Number 3 | July 2011 | pp. 419–431 doi:10.1093/analys/anr037 The Author 2011. Published by Oxford…

Perceptual consciousness overflows cognitive access Ned Block Department of Philosophy, New York University, 5 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA One of the most important issues concerning the foundations of conscious perception centers on the question of whether perceptual consciousness is rich or sparse. The overflow argument uses a form of ‘iconic memory’ to…

Seeing and Windows of Integration Ned Block New York University DOI:10.1002/tht.62 I am grateful to Bradley Richards and J. H. Taylor for their thoughtful critiques and for the chance to clarify and re-think the main line of argument in ‘‘The Grain of Vision and the Grain of Attention’’ (Block 2013). My article concerned peripheral vision.…

The Defective Armchair: A Reply to Tye Ned Block New York University Michael Tye’s response to my “Grain” (Block 2012) and “Windows” (Block 2013) raises general metaphilosophical issues about the value of intuitions and judgments about one’s perceptions and the relations of those intuitions and judgments to empirical research, as well as specific philosophical issues…

Rich conscious perception outside focal attention Ned Block New York University, New York, NY, USA Can we consciously see more items at once than can be held in visual working memory? This question has eluded resolution because the ultimate evidence is subjects’ reports in which phenomenal consciousness is filtered through working memory. However, a new…

The results were that for inverted stimuli, F-F, F-T, T-T and T-F were nearly the same, only 8% of the aftereffect was face-specific. Inverted faces are seen almost entirely via low level shape-general attributives. In the case of upright faces, 55% of the aftereffect was face-specific and 45% was low level. So high level face-specific…

Seeing-As in the Light of Vision Science NED BLOCK New York University Introduction I will discuss the issue of what we see, using the framework of Tyler Burge’s wonderful and monumental book Origins of Objectivity (Burge 2010). On Burge’s view, every percept is constituted by a “perceptual attributive” (that represents an attribute) and a singular…

Consciousness science: real progress and lingering misconceptions§ Ned Block1, David Carmel2, Stephen M. Fleming3,4, Robert W. Kentridge5, Christof Koch6, Victor A.F. Lamme7, Hakwan Lau8, and David Rosenthal9 1Department of Philosophy, New York University, New York, NY, USA 2Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK 3Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY,…

According to the Canberra Plan, the first step in a reductive physicalist enterprise is to functionally define the property to be reduced, and the second step is to find the physical property that fills that functional role. Reductive physicalism is true for the mind if both steps can always be carried out for mental properties.…

Concerns with ensuring unawareness aside, imaging data raise a further issue—namely, that differential cortical activation does not guarantee the presence of representations which can influence task performance (Williams, Dang, and Kanwisher 2007). Here, I suggest, we arrive at my more fundamental disagreement with Block. In my opening statement I cited Norman et al. (2014) as…